Written from a comparative perspective, with an eye for international instruments and guidelines, this book deals with the particulars of international commercial arbitration. In an easily accessible manner it considers among others:

• the characteristics of international commercial arbitration
• the advantages and perceived disadvantages of international commercial arbitration
• the pros and cons of ad hoc and institutional arbitration
• the laws applicable in international commercial arbitration
• the essentials of the arbitration agreement and arbitrability
• the establishment and composition of the arbitral tribunal
• the duty of disclosure and the challenge of arbitrators
• the end of the arbitrators’ mandate and their replacement
• the organisation of the arbitration proceedings
• the powers, duties and liability of arbitrators
• the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal
• the course of the arbitration proceedings, from the request for arbitration to the award
• the form and content of the award
• the recognition, enforcement and annulment of the award

Everything is presented practically and analytically, drawing among others on case law and the experience of the author. Where indicated national arbitration acts as well as standing arbitration rules are compared and differences highlighted.

For those who want to get acquainted with international commercial arbitration or seek guidance with regard to a specific question that may arise in the course of an international commercial arbitration this book provides a convenient reference work.

Dit boek licht de vrijstellingsregeling voor kleine ondernemingen toe. Onder bepaalde voorwaarden kunnen btw-belastingplichtigen opteren voor deze regeling die voornamelijk een verlichting van de btw-verplichtingen beoogt.

De verhoging van de drempel tot 25.000 euro, excl. btw, opent nieuwe perspectieven. Zelfstandigen in bijberoep kunnen een veel hogere omzet realiseren. Gemengde btw-belastingplichtigen kunnen voor hun niet vrijgestelde handelingen opteren voor de vrijstellingsregeling en hun btw-verplichtingen op die manierminimaliseren.

Het boek bespreekt de voorwaarden om van de vrijstellingsregeling te kunnen genieten en illustreert dit aan de hand van talrijke voorbeelden.

Ook de verplichtingen in het kader van het intracommunautair verwerven van goederen of bij grensoverschrijdende diensten komt aan bod.

Ten slotte worden ook de overblijvende verplichtingen (facturering, bijzondere btw-aangifte, tabel van bedrijfsmiddelen, horeca en de geregistreerde kassa, …) inzake btw praktijkgericht uiteengezet.

The present survey aims to explore the role of state practice in the context of modern international law. Not only is the process of interpretation giving concrete content to the conventional disposition, but a practice in the implementation of the treaty that go beyond the boundaries of the same, modifying it and therefore (re) acquiring a “normative” relief in the proper sense. Work on the formation of customs, on the other hand, starts in 2012 on the basis of the work of Special Rapporteur Michael Wood. In particular, these conclusions, which contains conclusions 4 to 8, refers specifically to the theme of “general practice”, which must be accompanied by the acceptance as a right in order to produce the customary norm, according to the dual classic scheme. The main role for the creation of a customary rule is attributed to the practice of the States. In particular, the International Law Commission (ILC) proposes a non-exhaustive list of behaviors that can be used as a praxis, among which there is no coincidence that the practice “in connection with treaties” further proves the affinity between the two projects. The investigation phase is now also concluded with regard to the identification of the custom, and the report of the ILC of 2016 includes a commentary of these 16 Conclusions, submitted to the States at first reading. Our analysis and its purpose of this work is to identify the main hypotheses of states responsibility in connection with organizations activities, adopting the perspective of system protection established by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) on which the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) supervises. The results to which the ECtHR has come have been extensively examined in the relevant literature. Therefore, after having reconstructed the main liability hypotheses emerged in the ECtHR jurisprudence and the critical points connected to them (section I), we will investigate new arguments to ascribe responsibility to member states on the basis of different titles, not yet explored or otherwise not still consolidated in ECtHR jurisprudence. We remain also, in the analysis of new interpretive trends with regard to the standard of proof for the attribution to the state of unequivocal conduct of liability through international jurisprudence in comparison with various courts of various statutes and different attributions that remain always under the same level of punishment for international responsibility. Final, an inductive approach, with the aim, on the one hand, of highlighting the concrete results achieved in the field of defense and peacekeeping, and, on the other, of providing possible contributions with respect to the issues raised above, in particular what the impact of international law is under the Common Security and Defense Policy and the Common Foreign and Security Policy and how it is possible to configure the responsibility of the European Union and/or the participating States to international crimes committed in the performance of the various operations.