European Journal of Policing Studies – Jaargang 4/1 (2016) (ISSN 2034-760x) – Special issue Policing in Times of Uncertainty

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Contents:

Introduction
M. Egan

Articles

Tackling Trafficking in
Human Beings in a security
integrated Europe
Addressing the challenges using
Trafficking Schematics
A.Koulouri (1)

Abstract
This paper aims to conceptualise trafficking in human beings (THB) as an organised crime by
drawing on the rational choice theory. Utilising crime scripting principles, it proposes trafficking
schematics to capture and visualise THB in its entirety.
Stemming from its transnational nature and varying conceptualisations, combatting THB faces challenges,
such as the lack of harmonisation of policy instruments and differing stakeholder agendas.
To mitigate these challenges, this paper proposes trafficking schematics. Their core lies in the
modelling of THB constituent elements, including stages and their sequence, key actors and
relationships, and financial modus operandi. Trafficking schematics may therefore contribute to
addressing THB in a holistic, dynamic and integrated way, by enriching stakeholders’ understanding
of the phenomenon and facilitating collaboration to address it.
The paper contributes to theory and practice by drawing up a model of the procedural, human, logistical
and environmental elements of THB that may be viewed as an instrument of public value creation.

Keywords: Trafficking in human beings, organized crime, EU security, rational choice theory

(1) is Lecturer in Business Research & Statistics.

Migration and crime
A spatial analysis
in a borderless Europe
A. Ludwig (1) & D. Johnson (2)

Abstract
The expansion of the EU has generated vast media interest and political debate about an alleged
crime–migration nexus. The gradual disappearance of border controls within the EU has created
opportunities for easier people movement, and potentially for offenders to commit criminal
offences in other countries. However, little work has been undertaken to understand the general
nature of criminal activity by intra-EU migrant populations. This paper discusses the complexity
of carrying out research on this issue using openly available data sources across the EU and in
particular notes a significant lack of data for informed policy development. Spatial clustering of
individual nationalities is evident, distinct differences in movements on a regional scale in England
are shown. There is also evidence of limited recording practices and data availability across the
EU. Data on localised offending by foreign nationals can be used to inform intelligence by national
and international police agencies, to generate effective cross-border information exchange, and
inform crime reduction policies.

Keywords: Crime; EU migration; spatial analysis; data uncertainty; policy; crime prevention

(1) is Post-Doctoral Research Officer at Nuffield College, Oxford working on a project
on police resourcing.
(2) is a Senior Lecturer in Crime Science at Northumbria University.

EU Integrated and
Re-Integrated Security
The Position of the UK after the
Opt-Out – or Brexit?
S. Hufnagel (1)

Abstract
Protocol 36 of the Lisbon Treaty provided that the UK could choose not to accept the jurisdiction
of the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the enforcement powers of the Commission,
in relation to these pre-Lisbon police and judicial cooperation measures. Consequently, former
instruments adopted under the ‘third pillar’ that have not been amended, repealed or replaced
since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, cease to apply to the UK. The UK aimed to re-join 35
measures that have been considered indispensable for UK security, however, opting back it would
be